Because most organisms consist of cells, let us talk about it in the cytoplasm, that is, in water. Generally, there are two types of bonds between atoms to make particles bigger: covalent and non-covalent bonds.
Covalent bonds means two atoms share electrons rather than transfer from one to another. After it reaches a stable condition, the distance between two atoms is called bond length. If one atom has a stronger ability to pull electrons toward itself, there will be a negative pole at its end while the other end will be a positive pole. The result is, they make a polar molecule with a dipole.
Non-covalent bonds include four types. Electrostatic attraction, which happens between two permanent polar atoms. Hydrogen bond, which means hydrogen atom is shared by two atoms with negative charge. Both of the above are weakened in water because they are surrounded by water molecules. The third is van der waals attraction which results from the simultaneous attraction between two non-polar molecules. At last, it comes to the hydrophobic repulsion. Water molecules will repulse hydrophobic molecules together so as to form some weak bonds, though it cannot be called bonds actually.
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