There are four major macromolecules in cells which include fats/lipids, polysaccharides, nucleic acids and proteins.
Fats/lipids are consisted of fatty acids and their derivatives. Fatty acids can be a storage of energy in terms of triacylglycerol which consists of three fatty acid molecules and one glycerol molecule. Also, glycolipids and phospholipids can be produced by replacing one fatty acid in triacylglycerols with sugar or phosphorate group. Fatty acids are not only the energy storage but also the major components in cell membranes.
Sugars can serve as energy source, structural components and signal transducer. There are a lot of types of sugars which can be used as energy source such as mono-saccharide glucose, disaccharide sucrose and polysaccharides starch and glycogen. It can also serve as back bones for DNA and RNA as well as functioning in signal recognition on the membrane surface as glycolipid.
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